Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil over calcined waste filter cake from sugar beet processing

Abstract

A solid catalyst was prepared from waste filter cake (WFC) from a sugar beet processing plant and used, after calcination at 900 ◦C within 2 h, for biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and methanol. The calcined WFC (CFC) catalyst was characterized by XRF, FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTG, TPDe, TPD-CO2, SEM, N2 physisorption, and Hg porosimetry. The CFC is a CaO-based catalyst with a rigid, sustainable macroporous structure with the largest particles of 2.0 × 0.5 µm, a specific surface area of 7.3 m2/g, and a basicity of 0.27 mmol/g. It provides high conversion of 97.9% in 1 h at the methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, the temperature of 60 ◦C, and the catalyst loading of 10% of the oil mass. Its catalytic efficiency is comparable to the WFC-based nanocatalysts and CaObased catalysts from natural sources. CFC was reused twice with a negligible decrease in catalytic activity, ensuring a FAME content above 97% in 1 h. The biodiesel produced from rapeseed oil over the CFC catalyst has good fuel properties that fulfill most of EN 14214. Therefore, WFC is a promising source of a low-cost, highly active, basic, and environmentally friendly CFC catalyst, which could reduce biodiesel production costs. From this point of view, this catalyst has great potential for developing the process at the commercial level.