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Item CAMELINA AND SAFFLOWER OIL - A FUNCTIONAL SUPPLEMENT IN THE PET FOOD(PTEP Society, 2022-04) Đuragić, Olivera; Rakita, Slađana; Spasevski, Nedeljka; Dragojlović, Danka; Milašinović Šeremešić, Marija; Jeromela Marjanović, Ana; Cvejić, SandraPet food has been one of the most attractive industries in the world for years, and it is slowly starting to develop and gain importance in our country as well. Besides the addition of raw materials of animal origin, more and more attention has been paid to functional supplements of plant origin that affect the health and welfare of animals. Vegetable oils are known as energy substances for animal nutrition thanks to their composition of essential fatty acids. They have a beneficial effect on metabolic processes and the general condition of the animal's body. They also affect the quality of skin and hair. In our country, the most frequently used oil cultures are soybean, sunflower, and rapeseed, as well as their by-products (cakes, meals). Other raw materials rich in oil, such as flax, pumpkin seeds, hazelnuts, and walnuts, are less represented. They are produced in small quantities and are mainly intended for human consumption. Also, these raw materials are more expensive because they are processed mainly in small-capacity plants. Wild flax, or camelina (Camelina sativa, L. Crantz.), is an oil crop from the Brassicaceae family, which was replaced by other oilseeds in the middle of the 20th century in most European countries. Several studies have shown that camelina oil has a significant role in the human body. It can reduce inflammatory processes due to its content of α-linolenic (omega-3) and linoleic (omega-6) fatty acids, as well as bioactive compounds such as tocopherol and phenol. There are several papers explaining the effects of flaxseed oil on dog nutrition, but in the form of a supplement, not an ingredient as an integral part of pet food (Burron et al., 2021). On the other hand, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) from the family Asteraceae is a plant of the Mediterranean that originated in Egypt. It was transferred to England in the 16th century and spread to other areas. Safflower oil also has exceptional properties. The composition of safflower oil varies greatly, but 90% of the oil is oleic and linoleic acid. In the animal feed industry, there are no products that contain camelina or safflower oil, and especially not a combination of these two types of oil, so it is possible to produce pet food with the addition of camelina and safflower oil and put it on the market.Item CURRENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES IN PET FOOD INDUSTRY(National Society of Processing and Energy in Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia, 2023-04-23) Milašinović Šeremešić, Marija; Đuragić, Olivera; Rakita, Slađana; Stojkov, Viktor; Cvejić, SandraThe pet food market has been very attractive and grown dramatically in the last decades offering a huge number of products that differ in physical form, composition of nutrients and physiological and pathological conditions. Approximately 30% of all pet food and pet care sales worldwide are made in Europe, which is regarded as one of the leaders in the sector. In Serbia as well, it is slowly starting to develop and gain importance. More and more families are acquiring pets causing the pet food industry to grow quickly. A recent research revealed that 99 percent of owners considered their pets to be "part" of the family. Over the years, dramatic changes in pet food industry making the basic pet foods more sophisticated that provide not only the right nutrients in optimal quantities but also much more than we call optimal. The main trend influencing the pet food market is the humanization of pets. Many pet owners seek pet food that is representative of their personal preferences. Due to the rise in "natural", "raw" and "organic" food, there is now a greater selection of premium products available to owners. Specialist products such as those focusing on a specific health benefits have been very popular and shown strong growth. As owners appear to be more concerned with their pet's diet, premium, luxurious, healthy, and functional foods are entering the mainstream. Pet foods can be in different forms as complete or complementary; wet, dry, snacks and treats or raw. A pet food manufacturer's skill bases on the selection and blending of various meat, fish, vegetables, cereals, minerals, and vitamins to create nutritious foods that pets enjoy. Owners have various options including fully prepared raw meals, a combination of wet and dry foods, and specially formulated pet treats. Trends in pet food are beginning to resemble those in human food. In the future, new formulated products based on insects can be expected on the market, as well as many others that have unique functional and sensory properties with authentic ingredients.Item EVALUATION OF NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CAMELINA SEED (CAMELINA SATIVA L. CRANTZ)(UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU, POLJOPRIVREDNI FAKULTET DEPARTMAN ZA POLJOPRIVREDNU TEHNIKU, NOVI SAD; NACIONALNO DRUŠTVO ZA PROCESNU TEHNIKU I ENERGETKU U POLJOPRIVREDI, NOVI SAD, 2022) Rakita, Slađana; Spasevski, Nedeljka; Đuragić, Olivera; Stojkov, Viktor; Jeromela Marjanović, Ana; Cvejić, Sandra; Zanetti, FedericaCamelina sativa (L.) Crantz, an oilseed crop that belongs to Brassicaceae family, has gained enormous attention due to its numerous positive characteristics that make it distinctive among oilseed crops. Camelina is very adaptable crop, and it can be cultivated in different environmental regions and lands. Apart from that, its requirements for cultivation are minimal and environmental friendly as it needs low fertilizer, water and require no pesticides/herbicides compared to other oilseeds which makes this crop suitable for growing on less productive soils. The only limitation for camelina cultivation is heavy clay and organic soils. However, it is relatively resistant to drought and cold. Owing to its multiple feed and industrial applications, camelina is being considered a very promising alternative oilseed crop. From the nutritional point of view, it is a valuable source of proteins, fats, fibres, essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds. In this research, two varieties of camelina seed (NS Zlatka and NS Slatka), registered in Serbia, were evaluated with regard to nutritional properties, which included assessment of chemical and mineral composition, fatty acid and amino acid profile and content of liposolubile vitamins. Microbiological safety was also assessed. It was determined that both camelina seed varieties were characterized by high content of crude protein, fat and fiber (around 27, 38 and 18%, respectively). NS Slatka was characterized by higher content of potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron, but lower level of glucosinolates than NS Zlatka. Both varieties were safe in terms of microbiological parameters although NS Zlatka had two fold higher total bacteria count. Regarding fatty acids, camelina seeds were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (57%), of which the most dominant was alpha-linolenic accounting for approximately 37%. Camelina is a rich source of tocopherols, especially γ-tocopherols which was distributed in camelina seeds in the concentration of around 19 mg/100g. Leucine, lysine and valine was the major essential amino acids found in camelina seeds, while glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, proline, and glycine was the most dominant non-essential amino acids. The obtained results pointed out that camelina has a substantial nutritional and functional value indicating that camelina seed and its by-products have enormous potential for the application in food and animal feed industry, whereas the level of antinutritive factors present in camelina should be taken into consideration.Item Lanik, manje gajena uljarica sa višestrukom upotrebom u ishrani ljudi i životinja(Industrijsko bilje, 2022) Marjanović Jeromela, Ana; Cvejić, Sandra; Kiprovski, Biljana; Grahovac, Nada; Jaćimović, Simona; Rajković, Dragana; Gvozdenac, Sonja; Mladenov, Velimir; Miladinović, Dragana; Stojanović, Danijela; Rakita, Slađana; Đuragić, Olivera; Kostić, Milan; Stamenković, Olivera; Veljković, Vlada