SAFFLOWER AS AN ALTERNATIVE OIL CROP - POTENTIAL IN THE PET NUTRITION

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an annual plant from the Composite family. The resistance to climatic conditions, lack of water, and increased soil salinity makes a valuable alternative oil crop that has gained importance in recent years. Safflower is a significantly cheaper variant of the related culture of saffron, which use can be higher in human and animal nutrition, the textile and dye industry, biodiesel production, etc. Safflower can be said to be a "climate-smart" crop that can adapt to changing environmental conditions thanks to its rich genetic diversity. Effective implementation of support policies in technology, appropriate incentives, and marketing, especially in countries facing water deficits and changing soil quality, has significant potential for improving food security and the income and livelihoods of people engaged in agriculture. Safflower contains 90% of total unsaturated fatty acids, of which 14% are monounsaturated (MUFA) and 76% are polyunsaturated (PUFA). Among the n-6 fatty acids, the main ingredient is linoleic acid, which accounts for 74% of the total fat content. The use of safflower in animal nutrition dates back to the 1980s of the last century. The results of feeding animals with safflower show that it is a palatable and acceptable source of protein and fiber, with yields similar to or even better than oats or alfalfa. Safflower pastures have also shown that feeding ruminants with this plant contribute to better growth and higher fertility of animals. However, there are very few investigations of the evaluation of safflower oil and cake in the nutrition of animals, especially pets. The use of safflower seeds in the diet of ornamental birds (parrots, canaries, etc.) is widely known as an ingredient that improves the quality and shine of feathers. In this regard, it could be assumed that have the same effect on the skin and hair of pets, which has been confirmed in research related to the use of safflower oil in human nutrition. Also, numerous data from experts in the field of pet nutrition showed the positive effects of this oil as an ingredient in the diet of dogs and cats, not only in the domain of skin and hair health but also for the structure of the cell membrane, cell function, as well as for healthy reproduction, growth, a strong heart, and immunity.