Institute of Food Technology

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Browsing Institute of Food Technology by Subject "aflatoxins"

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    Aflatoxins contamination of maize in Serbia: The impact of weather conditions in 2015
    (Taylor & Francis, 2017-07-11) Janić Hajnal, Elizabet; Kos, Jovana; Krulj, Jelena; Krstović, Saša; Jajić, Igor; Pezo, Lato; Šarić, Bojana; Nedeljković, Nataša
    In recent years climate changes recorded in temperate regions of Europe have led to aflatoxin (AF) contamination of maize. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of weather conditions on levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) in 180 maize samples collected from the main maize-growing regions (Western Bačka, North Banat, South Banat and Central Serbia) in Serbia after harvest in 2015. The concentrations of AFs were determined by a validated HPLC method with post-column derivatisation and fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The presence of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 was detected in 57.2%, 13.9%, 5.6% and 2.8% of maize samples in the concentration ranges of 1.3–88.8 µg kg–1, 0.60–2.8 µg kg–1, 1.8–28.5 µg kg–1 and 2.1–7.5 µg kg–1 respectively. The recorded smaller amount of precipitation and especially higher air temperatures during the summer of 2015 were favourable for AF production, which resulted in 32.2% and 21.1% of samples being unsuitable for human consumption, since AFB1 and the sum of AFs concentrations were above 5.0 and 10.0 µg kg–1 respectively. Furthermore, the findings in this study indicate that the microclimate conditions in the investigated regions had a great influence on the contamination frequency of maize with AFs. The highest percentage of samples unsuitable for human consumption, considering both AFB1 and total AFs content were 72.5% and 51.5% respectively from Central Serbia, whilst the lowest percentages of 15.6% and 6.2% respectively were found in Western Bačka. These findings confirmed that maize should be continuously monitored in order to protect human and animal health from the harmful effects caused by AFs contamination.
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    Aflatoxins in Maize from Serbia and Croatia: Implications of Climate Change
    (MDPI, 2023-01-26) Pleadin, Jelka; Kos, Jovana; Radić, Bojana; Vulić, Ana; Kudumija, Nina; Radović, Radmila; Janić Hajnal, Elizabet; Mandić, Anamarija; Anić, Mislav
    Aflatoxins (AFs) represent the most important mycotoxin group, whose presence in food and feed poses significant global health and economic issues. The occurrence of AFs in maize is a burning problem worldwide, mainly attributed to droughts. In recent years, Serbia and Croatia faced climate changes followed by a warming trend. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to estimate the influence of weather on AFs occurrence in maize from Serbia and Croatia in the 2018–2021 period. The results indicate that hot and dry weather witnessed in the year 2021 resulted in the highest prevalence of AFs in maize samples in both Serbia (84%) and Croatia (40%). In maize harvested in 2018–2020, AFs occurred in less than, or around, 10% of Serbian and 20% of Croatian samples. In order to conduct a comprehensive study on the implications of climate change for the occurrence of AFs in maize grown in these two countries, the results of available studies performed in the last thirteen years were searched for and discussed
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    AFLATOXINS IN MAIZE FROM SERBIA: A TEN-YEAR REPORT
    (Matica Srpska, Novi Sad, Serbia, 2022-06-02) Kos, Jovana; Radić, Bojana; Janić Hajnal, Elizabet; Radović, Radmila; Mandić, Anamarija; Đekić, Sanja
    Aflatoxins (AFS) are carcinogenic and highly toxic compounds produced by Aspergillus species. Food and feed contaminated with AFS pose a high risk to human and animal health. In terms of the Republic of Serbia, the main concern is related to the prevalence of AFS in maize. Serbia represents a leader in maize production and exports in Europe, and it is among the top 10 exporters in the world. In the recent years maize yield as well as quality and safety are strongly affected by weather conditions. This report aimed to present AFS occurrence in harvested maize samples from Serbia in the ten years (2012-2021). Maize samples were collected from maize growing seasons which were characterized by extreme drought (2012), hot and dry conditions (2013, 2015, 2017, 2021), extreme precipitation (2014), and weather conditions usual for a moderate-continental climate (2016, 2018, 2020). The highest AFS concentrations, as well as contamination frequency of AFS were detected in maize samples originating from the 2012 maize growing season, followed by 2015, 2021, 2013, and 2017. On the other hand, in samples originating from 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2020, there were no AFS detected. The obtained results indicate that changes in weather conditions, recorded in the period of ten years, had a significant influence on the presence or absence of AFS in maize. They were detected in samples from five among ten investigated years, and in all contaminated samples, from each year, aflatoxin B1 was the most dominant. In the period of ten investigated years, Serbia was faced with climate changes which had a great overall impact on the prevalence of AFS in maize. The findings of this report as well as climate change prediction for South-East Europe indicate that maize from Serbia may become susceptible to problems concerning AFS and therefore there is a need for Serbia to enhance the control strategy of maize as well as maize management practices which would greatly contribute to improving the quality and safety of food and feed.
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    Climate change: the impact on aflatoxin contamination in cereals
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University City, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, B&H, 2022-05) Janić Hajnal, Elizabet; Kos, Jovana; Radić, Bojana; Radović, Radmila; Đalović, Ivica; Purar, Božana
    It is considered that one of the greatest food safety concerns worldwide is aflatoxins (AFs) contamination of cereals, due to its carcinogenic effects, high number of associated notifications in cereal based food and feed products, as well as in milk and dairy products. AFs produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are the most toxic and frequent contaminants of cereals, especially in areas with hot and humid climates. Changes in temperature and water availability related to global climate changes (increased temperature, heavy rainfalls, and droughts) are modulating factors of filamentous fungi growth and production of mycotoxins. Amongst all favouring factors, environmental factors (temperature, water activity (aw) and relative humidity (RH)) and climate change have been identified as the primary factors. The main secondary factors influencing AFs production in cereals are pH of the substrate, CO2 levels in the gaseous environment, agronomic and socioeconomic determinants. Global climate change predictions indicate that AFs contamination of cereals could become a future food safety issue, in Europe as well, especially in the Mediterranean region. This review aims to give an overview based on the available information regarding AFs presence in cereals to reinforce AFs management, reduce economic losses, and prevent health issues related to the AFs exposure in the light of global climate change.