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Comparison of the Essential Oil Content, Constituents and Antioxidant Activity from Different Plant Parts during Development Stages of Wild Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

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dc.contributor.author Šunić, Ljubomir
dc.contributor.author Ilić, Zoran S.
dc.contributor.author Stanojević, Ljiljana
dc.contributor.author Milenković, Lidija
dc.contributor.author Stanojević, Jelena
dc.contributor.author Kovač, Renata
dc.contributor.author Milenković, Aleksandra
dc.contributor.author Cvetković, Dragan
dc.date.accessioned 2023-07-08T13:15:25Z
dc.date.available 2023-07-08T13:15:25Z
dc.date.issued 2023-03-10
dc.identifier.citation Šunić, Lj., Ilić, S.Z., Stanojević, Lj., Milenković, L., Stanojević, J., Kovač, R., Mileković, A., Cvetković, D. (2023). Comparison of the Essential Oil Content, Constituents and Antioxidant Activity from Different Plant Parts during Development Stages of Wild Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Horticulturae, 9(3), 364. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 2311-7524
dc.identifier.uri http://oa.fins.uns.ac.rs/handle/123456789/137
dc.description.abstract The study was conducted to determine fennel essential oil (FEO) yield, composition, and antioxidant activity during four different maturation stages of umbels with seeds (1st stage: immature-pasty; 2nd stage: premature-waxy; 3rd stage: mature-fully ripe; and 4th stage: seeds only), and leaves of wild fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare) from the Montenegro coast. The maximum oil yield was found in premature umbels at the waxy stage (4.76 mL/100 g p.m.) and in fully ripe umbels in the early fruiting stage (5.16 mL/100 g p.m.). Fully ripe seeds contained the lowest FEO (mL/100 g p.m.). The minimum FEO content was found in leaves (0.67%). (E)-anethole (64%), α-phellandrene (11.0%), and fenchone (4.8%) were found to be the main components of the essential oil from immature fennel umbels. (E)-anethole (72.3%), fenchone (9.6%) and methyl chavicol (9.5%) were found to be the main components of the essential oil from premature fennel umbels. (E)-anethole (71.6%), fenchone (10.7%) and methyl chavicol (10.3%) were found to be the main components of the essential oil from mature fully ripe fennel umbels. Fennel seeds were rich in (E)-anethole (75.5%) and fenchone (13.7%). FEO from fennel leaves contained (E)-anethole (32.5%), α-phellandrene (18.8%), p-cymene (17.3%), and β-phellandrene (10.3%) as the main compounds. The antioxidant activity of FEO decreases from leaves (12.37 mg/mL) to seeds (37.20 mg/mL). The degree of DPPH radical neutralization increased with the incubation time. Fennel umbels can be harvested before the fully ripe stage, i.e., at the waxy stage, which considerably reduces seed shedding and losses and increases the essential oil yield. en_US
dc.description.sponsorship This research was funded by the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia with grant numbers 451-03-47/2023-01/200133 and 451-03-47/2023-01/200189. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher MDPI en_US
dc.relation info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MESTD/inst-2020/200222/RS//
dc.rights openAccess
dc.subject wild fennel en_US
dc.subject development stages en_US
dc.subject umbels en_US
dc.subject seeds en_US
dc.subject essential oils en_US
dc.subject essential oils en_US
dc.subject chemical composition en_US
dc.subject antioxidant activity en_US
dc.title Comparison of the Essential Oil Content, Constituents and Antioxidant Activity from Different Plant Parts during Development Stages of Wild Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article en_US
dcterms.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.identifier.scopus 2-s2.0-85151397713
dc.identifier.wos 000955343800001
dc.identifier.doi 10.3390/horticulturae9030364


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